Paine Case, Collipeumo episode against Juan Francisco Luzoro Montenegro: The first civilian condemned for crimes against Humanity in Chile

The present article reviews the final decisions adopted by the Chilean Jus-tice in the Paine case, Episode Collipeumo, in which Juan Francisco Luzoro Montenegro was sentenced to twenty years of imprisonment, plus the legal accessory sanctions and the payment of costs, as the perpetrator of the consummated crimes of qualified homicide of four victims, and as the perpetrator of a frustrated crime of qualified homicide of one victim. Thus, Luzoro Montenegro became the first civilian convicted for his participation in crimes under domestic criminal legislation in force at the time of his commission, conceived as crimes against humanity. The first part describes the repression imposed by the dictatorship in the town of Paine, focusing, then, on the facts that give rise to the case that led to the conviction of this civilian. Then, the judicial history of the case is exposed, emphasizing the decisions taken in relation to Luzoro Montenegro, and later, is analyzed the condemnation of civilians in crimes against humanity, considering some relevant historical, normative and doctrinal aspects.