Desafios normativos da Responsabilidade de Proteger: uma abordagem teórica da institucionalização à contestação*
Autores/as
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Miguel Mikelli Ribeiro
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-6310
Resumen
Este artigo aborda os desafios do progresso institucional da Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P) nas Nações Unidas (ONU) a partir das disputas políticas sobre entendimentos normativos. Argumenta-se que potências emergentes do Sul Global têm buscado moldar a norma promovendo um certo tipo de interpretação, aplicando suas visões em diferentes contextos da organização. Em particular, o autor utiliza o caso da China para avaliar se Pequim utiliza a estrutura conceitual da R2P em outros fóruns para além daqueles que abordam especificamente a norma, para verificar se há uma estratégia sistemática de contestação. O artigo explora primeiramente a evolução da norma desde a institucionalização até a contestação em um processo não-linear; depois aprofunda o contexto teórico acerca de normas internacionais para preparar a análise do caso. Em relação ao caso da China, o artigo concentra-se em responder três perguntas principais: a China utiliza o conceito de R2P sistematicamente no fórum sobre a proteção de civis? Em caso afirmativo, como Pequim usa o termo? Finalmente, a China transfere seu comportamento norm-shaper presentes nas discussões sobre R2P para também nos debates sobre proteção de civis? O autor utiliza uma combinação de métodos de análise interpretativa e qualitativa de conteúdo para entender o comportamento chinês e responder a essas perguntas. O artigo visa contribuir para a compreensão de como as potências emergentes estão buscando expandir seu comportamento norm-shaper sistematicamente em fóruns variados nas Nações Unidas.
Palabras clave:
Responsabilidade de Proteger, Contestação, Escola Inglesa, Normas Internacionais, ChinaReferencias
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